A research paper contain the following sections: Title, Abstract, Introduction, 
Material and Methods, Results, Discussion and the Literatures cited.

When reading a paper, I use the order Conclusion in Abstract, Introduction, Resu
lts, Conclusion and MM.

An abstract summarize the study with brevity and readability. It contains a few 
items such as Purpose of the study, the Model involved, the Specific data show i
n Results and Conclusion. The Conclusion may directly show me the importance of 
the study.

Why an introduction should by emphasized? A good introduction should give the re
ader a circumstance to understand the significance of the study whether you are 
a specialist or not.

Results show the analyzed data to prove the conclusion. Usualy author describe t
he results in the form of a figure or table that are most relevant.

Discussion is the most interesting part of the research paper. The gloden rule o
f discussion is to interpret your data in appropriate depth. With the interpreta
tion of the results the author desribe the importance of these findings and reco
mmend future directions. The mechanisms is the focus to explain the observations
. With the hypothesis author discuss with other evidence to verify the conclusio
n and try to offer an appropriate explanation. 
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※作者已于 2005-08-31 21:45:28 修改本文※

Common errors in chinese research papers.

The most obvious error in chinese research papers is the fluent of english abstr
act. Many papers paid no attentions to the spelling, clarity of the sentences.

Then the data in the results didn't been analyzed. The raw data without descript
ion make the editor confused. Many author used the t test and chi-square to anal
yze data even it is not suitable. Show me the evidence not the significance only
.

Then the discussion, it is difficult to interpret in appropriate depth. Do not d
escribe the result twice or conclude some explanations didn't justified in the r
esults. The author should focus on his own study not present a review of the lit
eratures.

呵呵，这是一个好的开端，很多专业论坛都是从怎样读PAPER开始讨论的

贴个连接http://www.shmu.edu.cn/courses/2005spr/upload/0321/how%20to%20read%20a%2
0paper.pdf
这是研究生前沿文献精读课的材料

我尤其喜欢第3篇 HOW TO EVALUTE A PAPER

这是老里八早写在BLOG上的：

我发现，我仍然不会读文献
当我只能刻刻巴巴地翻译出全文时，我不知道读文献应该先从图开始；当我听鲁白先生推荐
读文献的方法是abstract―figure－result－discussion时，我还不知道要力图领会作者的
全部思路；当我能明白作者提出什么hypothesis，用什么方法证明，用什么做对照，前前后
后的story是什么时，我的批判性眼光却不知道去了那里；当我终于能找出JBC或者PNAS上的
一辆个漏洞，笑嘻嘻的说他对照不完全的时候，我读过的文献还少的可怜；当师兄告诉我要
学会泛读，要学会把一个相关课题PNAS和JBC以下的文章快速地览其要旨，然后挑出做的极
好的CNS级的文章细细精读，我仿佛豁然开悟，却仍然会在一篇已经“精读”过N次的文章上
被问倒；当我仔仔细细的看过背景资料和几乎所有的reference，老板却问，你认为作者接
下去会做什么？……



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――"I'm not worried, Harry. I'm with you."

    
           

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