donata又开讲啦,这次无敌的donata带给大家的是语音的知识,注意如果国际音标
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人类的发音器官有许多,但是有多少人能说出有多少个参与发音器官么?至少dona
ta不知道,所以只能举其一二了:lung, trachea, throat,nose,mouth,palate,ph
arynx,vocal folds etc. 这对于我们医学生来说当然是a piece of cake咯.
有人不禁要说了,知道这些东东有什么用啊,别急,这个是基础,下面donata要讲的
东西与上述讲的密不可分
．
大家都知道,字母的发音不外乎两种:consonants and vowels(辅音和元音).那大
家有没有想过两者在发音上的区别么?其实，consonats are produced by const
ricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede
, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. By cont
rast, a vowel is produced without such obstruction so no turbulence or
a total stopping of the air can be perceived.(打得累死了)
先来讲辅音：
辅音也有分许多种，比较常见的是按照Manners of aticulation（发音方法）来
分的
1.STOP(or Plosive)闭塞音
complete closure of the articulators involved so that the airstream ca
nnot escape trough the mouth.
STOP又分两种（瀑布汗）：If the air is stopped in the oral cavity but t
he soft palate is down so that it can go out through the nasal cavity,
the sound produced is a NASAL STOP(m,n,Ð),otherwise it is a O
RAL STOP(p,b,t,d,k,g)
2.FRICATIVE(摩)擦音
close approximation of two articulators so that the airstream is parti
ally obstructed and turblent airflow is produced.(f,v,s,z,h,S,Z,T,D)
3.(MEDIAN)APPROXIMANT无摩擦延续音
an articulation in which one articulator is close to another, but with
out the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent
airstream is produced.(w,j)（昏倒）
4.LATERAL边音
不多说,就(l)一个
5.其它
还有一种方法是按照Places of articulation(发音部位)来分的
1.BILABIAL(双唇音)
made with the two lips
(p,b,m,w)
2.LABIODENTAL(唇齿音)
made with the lower lip and the upper front teeth
(f,v)
3.DENTAL(齿音)
made by the tongue tip or blade and the upper front teeth
(T,D)
4.ALVEOLAR(龈齿音)
made with the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge
(t,d,n,s,z,l)
5.POSTALEOLAR(后龈齿音)
made with the tongue tip and the back of the alveolar ridge
(S,Z)
6.PALATAL(腭音)
made with the front of the tongue and the hard palate
(j)
7.VELAR(软腭音)
made with the back of the tongue and the soft palate
(k,g,x,Ð)
8.GLOTTAL(喉音)
made with the root of the tongue and the walls of the pharynx
（h）
还有 UVULAR(小舌音)和RETROFLEX(卷舌音),PHARYNGEAL,不常见
累死donata了,暂时写到这里,元音下篇再写,嘿嘿,偶休息去了,想MMing
--
我是一个天使，
一个好心的天使，
长满洁白羽毛的翅膀是我的象征，
可是我却找不到我的天堂。
--
※作者已于 2005-02-16 20:05:30 修改本文※
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